Reading with fluency: short stories, non-fiction, and simple poems.

Expanding vocabulary and recognizing spelling patterns.

Grammar focus: nouns, verbs, adjectives, conjunctions.

Writing complete sentences, simple paragraphs, and short letters.

Punctuation: capital letters, full stops, question marks, exclamation marks.

Speaking & Listening: discussions, retelling stories, role-play.

Counting, reading, and writing numbers up to 100 and beyond.

Addition and subtraction (within 100, including word problems).

Multiplication and division basics (2, 5, 10 times tables).

Fractions: halves, quarters, and thirds.

2D and 3D shapes and their properties.

Measurement: money, time (to 5 minutes), length, mass, and capacity.

Solving practical problems in real-life contexts.

Reading and recognizing all Urdu alphabets.

Writing words and short sentences.

Vocabulary building through common objects, animals, and daily life.

Grammar basics: singular/plural, masculine/feminine.

Reading short poems and simple stories.

Speaking practice: greetings, self-introduction, classroom conversations.

Neat handwriting practice in Nastaliq script.

Living vs. non-living things.

Animals and their young, habitats, and food chains.

Plants: parts, needs, and simple life cycle.

Human body basics: organs, senses, and health habits.

Materials: wood, metal, plastic, and their uses.

Earth & space basics: day and night, sun and moon.

Hands-on simple experiments (floating/sinking, mixing, shadows).

The lives of significant individuals in the past: e.g., Florence Nightingale, Neil Armstrong.

Key events beyond living memory that are nationally or globally significant (e.g., The Great Fire of London).

Comparing aspects of life in different periods (then and now).

Local history: learning about important people, places, and events in the community.

Locating the world’s seven continents and five oceans.

Identifying seasonal and daily weather patterns.

Understanding hot and cold areas of the world (linked to the equator and poles).

Using simple compass directions (N, S, E, W) and locational language.

Introduction to maps, atlases, and globes.

Studying human and physical features of the local environment.

Develop fluent reading through fiction, non-fiction, and poetry.

Focus on spelling patterns, prefixes, and suffixes.

Introduce joined handwriting for fluency.

Build skills in grammar, sentence structure, and creative writing.

Develop comprehension by answering questions, predicting, and summarising texts.

Work with numbers up to 1,000: place value, ordering, and comparison.

Addition & subtraction using formal written methods.

Multiplication & division up to 12 × 12.

Introduction to fractions and simple decimals.

Measurement: length, mass, volume, money, time (12/24-hour clock).

Geometry: 2D/3D shapes, angles, symmetry.

Begin understanding data handling (bar charts, pictograms, tables).

Improve reading fluency of Urdu text.

Expand vocabulary and use of synonyms/antonyms.

Learn sentence structure and tenses in writing.

Comprehend short stories and answer reading comprehension questions.

Practice creative writing (letters, short essays, stories).

Oral skills: conversations and role-play in everyday Urdu.

Plants: life cycle, growth, requirements.

Animals, including humans: nutrition, skeleton, muscles.

Rocks: types, fossils, soils.

Light: reflection, shadows.

Forces and Magnets: push/pull, attraction/repulsion.

Develop scientific skills: observation, recording data, simple experiments

Explore ancient civilizations (Egypt, Greece, Indus Valley).

Study Roman Britain and its impact.

Learn about significant figures and their contributions.

Understand timelines and sequencing events.

Begin using sources and evidence to ask and answer historical questions.

Study regions: counties, cities, and landmarks.

Explore: countries, capitals, and maps.

Physical geography: climate, rivers, mountains.

Human geography: settlements, trade, transport.

Map skills: grid references, compass directions, and symbols

Strengthen reading fluency with longer texts, myths, and chapter books.

Expand vocabulary with synonyms, antonyms, and figurative language.

Apply spelling rules: prefixes, suffixes, homophones.

Improve joined handwriting speed and neatness.

Write using paragraphs, dialogue, and varied sentence starters.

Comprehension: inference, summarising, and identifying main ideas.

Numbers up to 10,000: place value, rounding.

Master written methods for the four operations.

Fluency with times tables up to 12 × 12.

Work with fractions and decimals: equivalence, adding/subtracting fractions, tenths/hundredths.

Measurement: perimeter, area, time, conversions.

Geometry: types of angles, symmetry, properties of 2D/3D shapes.

Statistics: bar charts, pictograms, line graphs.

Write and read complex sentences with accuracy.

Practice all tenses in writing and speaking.

Read stories, fables, and poetry with comprehension activities.

Expand vocabulary with idioms and proverbs.

Write essays, letters, and creative stories.

Oral practice: short speeches, storytelling, and debates.

Living things and habitats: classification of animals/plants.

States of matter: solids, liquids, gases, evaporation, condensation.

Sound: vibration, pitch, volume, travel through materials.

Electricity: simple circuits, conductors, insulators.

Animals (including humans): digestive system, teeth, food chains.

Skills: designing investigations, recording results, drawing conclusions.

Study Anglo-Saxons and Vikings in Britain.

Explore ancient civilizations (Greece, Rome, Indus Valley).

Learn about key events and figures in world history.

Compare different historical periods.

Use evidence to build historical arguments and timelines.

Study Europe and the wider world.

Physical geography: volcanoes, earthquakes, rivers, mountains.

Human geography: land use, trade, transport, migration.

Map-reading: 4/6-figure grid references, scales, symbols.

Compare contrasting regions globally.

Read a wider range of texts: novels, poetry, plays, and historical fiction.

Develop critical reading skills: inference, prediction, comparing themes.

Expand vocabulary through word roots, prefixes, suffixes, and figurative language.

Focus on spelling rules (silent letters, homophones, common errors).

Write in different styles: narrative, persuasive, descriptive, and reports.

Improve grammar: relative clauses, modal verbs, conjunctions.

Refine joined handwriting and work towards typing fluency.

Numbers up to 1,000,000: place value, rounding, Roman numerals.

Master written methods for four operations with larger numbers.

Fractions, decimals, and percentages: equivalence, conversion, operations.

Geometry: angles, reflection, translation, 3D shapes, nets.

Measurement: perimeter, area, volume, conversions.

Statistics: line graphs, tables, timetables.

Introduction to negative numbers and prime numbers.

Study advanced reading passages (essays, poetry, historical texts).

Practice advanced grammar: active/passive voice, complex tenses.

Expand vocabulary with formal and literary expressions.

Write essays, reports, and opinion pieces.

Comprehend newspapers and magazines.

Oral expression: debates, role-play, and structured speeches.

Forces: gravity, air resistance, friction, levers, pulleys.

Earth and Space: solar system, day/night, planets, moon phases.

Properties and changes of materials: reversible/irreversible changes, solutions, mixtures.

Living things and habitats: life cycles of plants/animals, reproduction.

Animals (including humans): human development, puberty.

Scientific enquiry: planning experiments, fair testing, accurate measurements.

Study the Anglo-Saxon and Viking struggle for England.

Explore early Islamic civilization (Baghdad c. AD 900).

Learn about significant monarchs and leaders.

Compare societies and time periods (Europe, Asia, Africa).

Develop historical enquiry and evaluation using primary sources.

Explore North and South America: countries, capitals, landmarks.

Study climate zones, biomes, and vegetation belts.

Physical geography: mountains, rivers, coasts, earthquakes.

Human geography: resources, trade, land use, population change.

Map skills: latitude, longitude, time zones, contour lines.

Read a wide range of classic and contemporary texts: novels, plays, poetry.

Study Shakespeare (introductions to plays and themes).

Expand vocabulary through etymology, prefixes, suffixes, and word families.

Focus on grammar: relative clauses, active/passive voice, direct/indirect speech.

Write in narrative, persuasive, discursive, and analytical forms.

Develop skills in summarising, comparing, and evaluating texts.

Speaking and listening: formal presentations and group discussions.

Numbers up to 10 million, including decimals and negatives.

Mastery of fractions, decimals, percentages, and ratios.

Algebra: expressions, equations, sequences, and simple functions.

Geometry: angles, polygons, circles, perimeter, area, volume.

Statistics: data collection, averages, graphs, pie charts.

Probability: simple experiments and outcomes.

Introduction to coordinates in all four quadrants.

Deepen knowledge of Urdu grammar and advanced sentence structures.

Study prose, poetry, and historical/literary texts.

Develop analytical skills: interpreting meaning, style, and tone.

Write formal letters, articles, and analytical essays.

Vocabulary expansion with classical and modern terms.

Oral fluency: debates, presentations, and recitation of poetry.

Biology: cells, tissues, organs, body systems.

Chemistry: particles, states of matter, simple chemical reactions.

Physics: forces, energy, magnetism, electricity basics.

Develop skills in practical investigations, hypothesis testing, and data analysis.

Begin connecting science to real-world applications (medicine, technology, environment).

Study Medieval England: Norman conquest, feudal system, Magna Carta.

Explore the Ottoman Empire and global trade routes.

Learn about Renaissance and Reformation Europe.

Understand continuity and change across time periods.

Evaluate historical sources and develop arguments based on evidence.

Study global continents and countries in depth.

Physical geography: tectonic activity, volcanoes, earthquakes, rivers.

Human geography: population, urbanisation, migration, economy.

Environmental studies: climate change, sustainability, renewable resources.

Advanced map skills: longitude, latitude, contour maps, GIS basics.

Study a broad range of literature: Shakespeare extracts, modern plays, and world literature.

Develop analytical reading skills: author’s purpose, perspective, bias.

Build vocabulary through Latin/Greek roots, advanced figurative language.

Master grammar: complex sentences, clauses, passive/active voice, cohesion.

Write essays, persuasive speeches, narratives, and critical reviews.

Comprehension: compare texts across genres, themes, and time periods.

Speaking: formal debates, presentations, dramatic readings.

Numbers: integers, decimals, directed numbers, factors, multiples, primes.

Fractions, ratios, percentages: complex conversions, proportional reasoning.

Algebra: expanding brackets, simple factorisation, linear equations, sequences.

Geometry: angle properties, triangles, quadrilaterals, circles (intro).

Mensuration: perimeter, area (triangles, circles), surface area, volume of prisms.

Statistics: mean, median, mode, range, bar charts, line graphs, scatter diagrams.

Probability: experimental probability, sample space diagrams.

Coordinates: plotting and interpreting graphs in all quadrants.

Read and analyse classical and modern prose and poetry.

Focus on advanced grammar: conditional sentences, complex structures.

Write formal essays, reports, dialogues, and critical reflections.

Comprehension of editorials and short stories.

Vocabulary development: academic, literary, and cultural terms.

Oral fluency: debates, recitation, and structured presentations.

Biology: cells (microscopy), tissues, organ systems, reproduction in plants/animals.

Chemistry: periodic table basics, elements/compounds/mixtures, simple reactions.

Physics: forces, pressure, density, motion graphs.

Scientific methods: forming hypotheses, designing fair tests, data analysis.

Begin linking science to technology, health, and environment.

Explore the Middle Ages: feudalism, Black Death, Crusades.

Study Mughal Empire and its cultural, social, and political systems.

Learn about Tudor and Stuart England.

Explore trade, exploration, and colonisation.

Continue developing historical enquiry: cause and consequence, continuity and change.

Study Africa and Asia: physical and human features.

Physical geography: weather, climate, ecosystems, biomes.

Human geography: population density, urbanisation, migration patterns.

Environmental issues: deforestation, pollution, sustainable development.

Map skills: OS maps, scale, bearings, contour lines.

Study a wide range of texts: novels, plays, poetry, Shakespeare, and world literature.

Analyse themes, characterisation, language, and structure in detail.

Develop advanced grammar: subjunctive forms, passive voice, cohesion devices.

Master analytical and persuasive essay writing.

Write in multiple formats: reviews, articles, speeches, stories, and reports.

Refine comprehension: evaluating bias, comparing perspectives, critical reading.

Speaking and listening: formal debates, dramatic performances, extended presentations.

Numbers: standard form, indices, surds (introductory).

Algebra: linear equations & inequalities, simultaneous equations, algebraic manipulation, sequences & nth term.

Geometry: congruence, similarity, Pythagoras’ theorem, constructions, loci.

Mensuration: volume and surface area of cylinders, cones, spheres.

Trigonometry: sine, cosine, tangent (intro).

Statistics: histograms, cumulative frequency, probability trees.

Graphs: straight-line graphs, linear functions, real-life applications.

Study classical Urdu poetry (Ghalib, Iqbal, Faiz) and modern prose.

Develop critical appreciation of literature.

Write advanced essays, analytical critiques, and opinion pieces.

Master complex grammar: compound/complex tenses, idioms, figurative expressions.

Expand vocabulary for academic and literary use.

Oral fluency: debates, discussions on social issues, public speaking.

Biology: photosynthesis, respiration, inheritance, variation, ecosystems.

Chemistry: atomic structure, elements/compounds, reactivity series, acids/bases.

Physics: motion, forces, energy transfers, light, sound, electricity circuits.

Practical science: hypothesis testing, detailed experiments, data evaluation.

Strong prep for O Level/IGCSE sciences.

Study Industrial Revolution and its global impact.

Explore British Empire and colonisation.

Examine resistance and independence movements (including South Asia).

Learn about Enlightenment and revolutions (American, French).

Evaluate multiple sources to build balanced arguments.

Study Asia, South America, and globalisation.

Physical geography: rivers, coasts, tectonic activity, natural disasters.

Human geography: global trade, economic development, inequality.

Environmental focus: climate change, sustainability, conservation efforts.

Advanced map and data skills: GIS, topographic maps, climate graphs.